The workshop examines issues surrounding the theory and practice of Human Resource Development (HRD) with specific reference to the Gulf region. This is an important subject for a number of reasons. For example, localisation/nationalisation initiatives (such as Emiratisation, Saudisation and Omanisation) are now exerting a profound effect on a variety of HR-related practices throughout the region as organisations in both the public and private sectors seek to balance the requirements of national laws and dictates with local skills shortages in labour markets. Similarly, the gradual influx of Western-emanating HR theories and practices into the Gulf region by means of both foreign-owned companies and Western-educated nationals raises many questions about the relevance of these theories and practices to this culturally diverse region; as such, it is intended that the workshop will unearth and examine some of the inevitable tensions and perhaps conflicts that arise when formalised strategically-focused HRD practices are implemented in various organisational sectors in the Gulf region.