This workshop will be devoted to analysis of Arab Gulf states relations with Iraq. There is a long history of political, social, military and economic relations between Iraq and Arab Gulf states. The Iran-Iraq war, the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, the US invasion of Iraq and subsequent Iranian infiltration of Iraq and the ISIS takeover of nearly half of Iraq’s territory starting in 2014 have defined Iraq-Gulf relations. But with the military defeat of ISIS, the election of Donald Trump as US president, the ascension of Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman, and the resilience of the dynamic Iraqi political scene have opened a new chapter to Iraq-Gulf relations that requires fresh analysis due to the changing environment. The main objective of this workshop is to bring together a range of regional scholars to assess and analyze the relevant factors for political and economic stability in Iraq and its future relations with Gulf States. The future of Gulf States will be determined by its relations with Iraq more than any other regional country. A number of factors are shaping a new chapter in Iraq-Gulf relations. First is the recent rapprochement between Iraqi political leaders and Gulf leaders. This includes the 2015 reopening of the Saudi embassy in Iraq after 25 years of being closed, visits of Prime Minister (PM) Haider al-Abadi to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and the UAE in June and October 2017, the visit of Saudi Foreign Minister Adel al-Jubeir to Baghdad in February 2017 (the first visit by a Saudi Foreign Minister to Iraq since 1990), the visit of Shiite leader Muqtada al-Sadr to Gulf states in the summer of 2017, and the establishment of the Saudi-Iraq coordination council. Second is the increasing role of Iranian-backed militias in Iraq’s security force structure and their role in the military defeat of ISIS and the retaking of Kirkuk and disputed areas from Kurdish Peshmerga forces in October 2017. The Hashid al-Shaabi, or Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF), was created in 2014 with the strong backing of the Shiite religious establishment to confront the spread of ISIS forces and were used in the fight to retake areas occupied by ISIS until November 2017. While not all PMF units are Shiite or Iranian-backed—for example, PMF units in Anbar, a majority Sunni province, are led by local Sunni Arab commanders—there is an increasing infiltration of Shiite militias associated with PMF into Sunnis areas. Perceptions of Iranian infiltration in Sunni areas increase distrust of Sunni populations of the Iraqi Security Forces and Sunni Arab’s attachment to the national identity. Iranian infiltration into Iraq’s security structure, and in particular into Sunni areas, will affect Gulf states’ propensity to deepen its relationship with the Iraqi government, similar to Gulf states’ complex relationship with the Lebanese 3 government, where an Iranian-backed militia is also an essential player in the government’s strategic policy making. A third factor shaping the new chapter of Iraq-Gulf relations is economic ties, in particular oil production and investment. Iraq is expected to produce up to 5 million barrels of oil per day by the end of 2017. This is a significant share of oil produced in OPEC and it is expected to continue to rise. The Saudi Minister of Oil gave a rare public speech in Baghdad in October 2017 extolling the developing economic ties between Iraq and Saudi Arabia. Saudi-Iraqi cooperation in oil production will be the pillar of stability in oil markets, as they are the two largest oil producers in OPEC and hold its largest oil reserves in the region. A fourth factor shaping a new chapter in Iraq-Gulf relations is a recent push to deemphasize sectarian differences, increase religious dialogue and promote moderation. Whether this new effort will influence social and political ties remains to be seen, however the recent visits of Iraqi religious leaders to Arab Gulf states and statements made by Arab Gulf state and Iraqi officials provide encouragement that a long-awaited rapprochement between GCC countries, in particular Saudi Arabia, and Iraq could materialize.